What is a Bitcoin reserve?
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A Bitcoin reserve is a holding of Bitcoin (BTC) maintained by a government, central bank, state treasury, or institution as a long-term reserve asset — similar in function to gold or foreign-currency reserves. Reserves may be built through asset seizures, direct purchases, mining, or donations.
What is a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve?
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A Strategic Bitcoin Reserve is a formally established, policy-governed Bitcoin reserve held by a government as part of its national reserve assets. The United States created the first federal Strategic Bitcoin Reserve by Executive Order on March 6, 2025, capitalized with Bitcoin seized in criminal and civil forfeitures.
How many countries hold Bitcoin reserves?
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As of May 22, 2026, roughly 23 countries hold verifiable sovereign Bitcoin reserves, totaling about 655,814 BTC across the main tracked holders. This tracker covers all 197 jurisdictions worldwide.
Which country holds the largest Bitcoin reserve?
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The United States holds the largest sovereign Bitcoin reserve at approximately 328,372 BTC, followed by China (~194,000 BTC) and the United Kingdom (~61,245 BTC). Most large sovereign holdings originate from law-enforcement seizures.
Does the US government have a Bitcoin reserve?
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Yes. The US federal government holds a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve of roughly 328,372 BTC, established by Executive Order on March 6, 2025. The reserve is funded entirely with forfeited Bitcoin and the government has committed not to sell assets held in it.
Which US states have a Bitcoin reserve law?
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Three US states have enacted Strategic Bitcoin Reserve legislation: Arizona (HB 2749, May 2025), New Hampshire (HB 302, May 2025), and Texas (SB 21, June 2025). No state treasury has yet been funded with Bitcoin; several other states have proposed bills.
Why do governments hold Bitcoin reserves?
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Governments hold Bitcoin reserves to diversify national reserves, hedge against inflation and fiat currency risk, retain seized assets rather than liquidating them, and signal openness to digital-asset innovation. Bitcoin's fixed 21-million supply is central to the rationale.
Can Bitcoin become a global reserve currency?
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Bitcoin is increasingly held as a reserve asset alongside gold and foreign currencies, but it is not a global reserve currency. Its volatility, finite supply, and evolving regulation make it a reserve diversifier rather than a replacement for established reserve currencies.
How are global Bitcoin reserves tracked?
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Sovereign Bitcoin reserves are tracked using on-chain forensic analysis of government-attributed wallets, government press releases, Federal Register notices, parliamentary and court records, and disclosures such as SEC 13F filings, cross-referenced against reputable journalism.
How accurate and current is this Bitcoin reserve data?
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All figures are cross-checked against primary sources — government statements, official records, court filings, and on-chain analysis — and reputable journalism (Reuters, CoinDesk, Cointelegraph, Bloomberg). Country data is updated within days of disclosure events; last verified May 22, 2026.
Is holding a Bitcoin reserve risky?
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Bitcoin reserves carry price-volatility, custody, and political risk. Supporters argue a small allocation hedges fiat debasement; critics cite drawdowns and security exposure. Most sovereign reserves use cold-storage custody and treat Bitcoin as a long-horizon allocation.
How often is this Bitcoin reserve tracker updated?
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Country and US state reserve data is reviewed continuously and updated within days of any verified disclosure, legislation, or on-chain movement. This page was last verified on May 22, 2026.